Compressor



Y Julyk 7, 1931. l.. sro'EsLlNG ET AL COMPRESSOR Filed April 9. 192B n 2 'Sheets-She l n M M www Q www .w www W L .of W

July 7, 193i. L. sroEsLlNG E1- Al.

COMPRESSOR Filed April 9. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N MEA/T0 ,96:

Patented July 7 1931 mmwre STOEsLnsG, or sim FERNANDO, AND WILLIAMnirnAnsALL, or 'noisiamv`l oon,

' gcnmronmn f Y i fcomrnnsson .AppiicatioiiniedApiiifs, 192s; seiai'iro. aea55ii--V Our invenition"relates` to a Anovel mechaeVl nism for use inf-reciprocatingfmachinery,and finds-particular utility in the gas coin-pressor, or internal combustion engine'art."V The present invention is an improvement on an invention of Ludwig 'Stoe'sling filed Augustv 2192T,'Serial^No. 210,062, entitled Com-f* pressors", in' which lcertain features disclosedinv the presen-t applicatlon are claimed.

10i Essentially our invention comprises a pair of cylinders, each cylinder having apiston reeiprocablef therein.. Suitable passages are ffformedthroiigh the'cyiinder walls, these pasn' sages communicating' between the' two cylind-ers and being'aligned with suitable ports inthe-sideso-f Vthe piston. The passages 'and kportsare so positioned that one piston and cylinderr cooperate to provide an intake and exhaust mechanism for the' other cylinder, thisgother cylinder-in turn cooperating with its pistonv to provide an intake and exhaust means-'forthe inst-cylinder. fThus, no eirternalvalves are needed. Such affconstrue-` tion isf cheape'r1 to build, 'having far less mov ing parts than `the ordinary construction, and.' produces avery; simple Va-ive' mechanism;

It is an ect of oiir invention to provide a valve mechanism?incorporatedin thev cylinf`- yder `wells and in a piston reciprocated therein;

ating in cylinders,v thesepistons'hafving ports adapted to register with passages,l through the pistonwal'ls al manner. to utilize one" cylinder' and piston as avalve mechanism'for the other, the speed o movement ofthe-cylv inder ports relative tothe passages being i tions,y the .bearing blocks, .and the` yoke@ C0- operate to form A a Scotcli yoke `mechanism greatest at the instant thefval-ve 'passagesY are *opened-and closed. f-

i 0in? invent on isiappllicablexto reciprocate* 'D'. sors;V The v`:finis-m' disclosed might" 'also 1 A inrit-her" obj-ect of ourl invention is to provide a of reciprocating-pistons `oper-U ing p-i-finie movers such asf internal coinbus-y troni engines, compressed gas engines, etc.,1 as well` asl-beinl applicablret'o gas compres-f' be `used forpumping purposes, but for the .purpose of deiiniteness we shall particularly describe oury invention in theform of a compressor, and 'shall morer particularly describe it in relation to a carbon dioxidecompressor applicable "to domestic refrigeration plants. Thischoice'jis merely illustrative of one'utilV i ity of our invention.v`

' 1t S im' OlOJGCt of oiir invention to provide--f a compressor for `doii'iestic 'refrigeration plantsVV which 1s Very quiet andeilicientfin Another objectrof ourinvention `isto pro*- vide'a multi-'stage compressor having an fin tercoolingl space into which one stage. ldischarge's and from which `theother stage intakes. i, Y

Further objects and advantages otour in- Vention will be made evident hereinafter. j

` vReferring tothe drawings,m

y'Figi iks-'a vertical view, partially sectioned,

of the'compressor of our invention. y -"Fig.=2 isa `view taken onthe line 2-2 .olf Figl. ,I i. Fig. Sis a view taken substantially 'ont-lie 1 line ofI Fig. 2. l

` operation andwhichhasnoeiternal valvesf Fig. 4g" is a 'View taken siib'stantiallyon the", `A

`Figsf, 6, 7,V and 8 are diagrainmaticviews taken approximately V,on the line A-V-'A off Figsf9,-10, 11,- and 12 are diagrammatic n Fig.2. f

'views takensubst'antially on thelineB-QB'Q" i l``:35. a compressor 10 having a body 11 adaptedlto journal a crankshaft 12. l' This crankshaft?A centric., relative` to endbearing portions 1.5"- whichare journalled inthebodyll. Y n Bearing' blocks 16v and 16av surround `the has bearingportions 13 and 14:y which areec- L Y bearingportions land lll, these blocks being,

slidable in yoles 17 and 18. The bearing` pori well-known` in th'ea'rtf.V Secured respectively tothe These cylinders are formed in an inner member 24 having circular end-members 25 which engage the inner walls of a cylinder casing 26. This cylinder casing is suitably secured to the body 11 as by bolts 27 the opposite end of the body being closed by a cover plate 27EL suitably secured thereto.

Due to the Scotch yoke connection between the pistons and the crank shaft, these pistons move in the cylinders With simple harmonic motion. The bearing portion 13 is disposed' 900 ahead of the bearing portion 14 so that the primary and secondary pistons reciprocate in their respective cylinders out of phase with each other, the secondary piston 21 leading the primary pis.r on 20 by a phase displacement of 90 on the crank shaft.

The central portion of the inner member 24 has parallel walls 28 and 29 which dene spaces 30 and 31 between these walls and the inner wall of the cylinder casing 26. The spaces 30 and 31 are connected by means of annular chambers 32 formed between the endmembers 25. The annular chambers 32 and the spaces 30 and 31 cooperate to form an intercooling chamber 33, this chamber being adapted to receive the gases exhausted from the primary cylinder 22, and to supply intake gas to the secondary cylinder 23 in a manner to be described. Suitable fins 34 extend outward from the cylinder casing 2G and from a head 35 closing the end of the cylinder casing. These fins have large surfaces exosed to the air and act as a cooling means or the gas in the inter-cooling chamber 33. It is, of course, well-known that better results are obtained from a multi-stage compress-or when intercooling means is provided for the gases between stages.

No external valves are utilized in our compressor, the valve action taking place through the cooperation of the pistons and the cylinders. Briefly stated, We utilize the primary cylinder and piston as a valve means for the secondary piston and cylinder, and vice versa.

In accomplishing this result, we provide four passages through the inner member 24, these passages communicating between the primary and secondary cylinders 22 and 23. These passages are adapted to successively register with certain ports formed on the primary and secondary pistons. For the purpose of clearness, these ports and passages have poses of clearness the passages 41 and 45 have been shown slightly curved in Fig. 2.

The secondary piston 21 has a. valve port 50 therein, this port forming a portion of the auxiliary group so as to successively register With the intake and exhaust ports 44 and 45 when the secondary piston is reciprocated in the secondary cylinder. The valve port is also adapted to come into registration with a passage 52 during the time that this'` port is in communiec tion with the intake passage 44. This passage 52 is in communication with a low pressure intake passage 53 which ex tends outward through the inner member 24 and is in communication with an intake pipe line 54 extending from the head 85.

The primary piston 2O is provided with a piston port 55 which communicates withl the compression space of the primary cylinder 22 through an opening` extending longitudinally in the primary piston. The piston port 55has.

a shoulder 56 which closes theexhaust port 45 when the primary piston is in the retracted half of its stroke. This piston port 55 is suiiiciently long so that it nevercovers the intake port 44. Y

During the time that the valve port 50' is in communication with the exhaust passage 45 this port is also in communication with an intermediate exhaust passage 57 which also communicates with the intercooling chamber 33.

The cooperation between the ports and passages of the auxiliary gro-up may best be understood by reference to Figs, 5 to S inclusive, these ligures diagrammatically illustrating the piston and auxiliary valve group positions for each 90o of rotation of the crank shaft, Thus, Fig. 7 illustrates the primary piston 2O in its extreme advanced position, while the secondary piston 21 is in an intermediate po sition moving at its maximum speed in the direction indicated by the arrow. At this instant the valve port 50 is just coming into communication with the intake passage 44, this passage being in communication with the port 55. Thus, as the primary piston is moving toward a position indicated in Fig. 8, gas is drawn through the low pressure intake passage 53 and the passa-ge 52, this gas passing through the valve port 50 and the intake passage 44 reaching the port 55 whence it is conducted to the primary cylinder.

/Vhen the mechanism is in the position shown in Fig. 8, the secondary piston 21 is in its retracted position, and the primary pistonis in a mid-position. When the primary and secondary pistons reach a position indicated in Fig. 5, the primary cylinder will have received a full charge of gas, this charge being stopped when the valve port 50 closes the intake passage 44 at the instant indicated in Fig. 5. The primary piston at this instant is in its extreme retracted position and the primary cylinder is completely iilled with gas.

farm-est -stheprimary ton advanceajthis gas: is"

y com-pressed until pistens. reach a. position indicated in Figfiy In'thi'srfifgiufe, the pri.-v

mary piston` has reacheda midfposition and 5. is. travelling at its speed while thek 'secondary pistiorris in extreme advanced.' position.v At thisinstantthe shoulder 56 of.

the piston port; 55x uncovers' the'. exhaust passage45, allowing' the gas, compressed to submi. stantially twice its'- normal pressure to, escapes i throughythe exhaust vpassage 145'-,- through the'y port 50 nowl in communication with this pias-k sage", and through intake and exhaust pas sage' 57. whence. this: gas reaches the inter- 15VA cooling chamber 33. The pistonlport. 55 re.u mains in registration with the exhaust pas.

sage 45 throughout the remainder ofthe stroke of the primary piston so that: all vthe i compressed gas therein ispushed outward Y* 2 0; intothe intercooling chamberyS-.. `f

The main group of ports and passagesto gether with the cooperation therebetween will' now be described.4 This main group includes.

a pairof' longitudinally aligned ports '60l and 2,5. l'iormed onv the'primary piston 20, these. ports :being adapted to successively yregister with. intake, andtexhaustports 4:0' and. 41 and being termed intake vand exhaust .valve-ports respectively forv purposes Voi identification.

' 30 The intake valve-port 60: also comes into registrationwith al1-intermediate intake passage 63 which communicates with the intercooling; chamber '33. L This registration. of the in-v take-valveport. :60 and: the. intermediate. in 3.5; take passage 63 takes placewhen the prim-ary' piston. isk in a relativelyV advanced position as willv be: explained.'`Yv Thergasesf enteringthe intermediate intake passage k63 and passing through the intakevalveport'60and intake 4 0, passage 40ers conducted tothe secondary cylinder 23 Yby a port/,65v which is` in communication with this cylinder through an open-y b ary piston 21;

in-O': extending; longitudinally' irr the secondlfllhisport has a shoulder which se; port. l61 ofi the. primary cylinder.- Atl this. time this porti is in comanunication` lwith anoutletpassage 467, this passage communicatinjg with a high `pressureexhaust, line 68l by mea-ns of ahighpressure exhaust pas'- Y tfsage 69. p a y Y l .The operation of the: main-.greup of' ports and passages is thus as oilows f.

Referring particularly. to Fig.r10,fthe secl stage. gjAnyor no method of cooling this chamber may vbe utilized without departing from the spirit of our invention. Infact, no

.intermediate chamber need lbe used. where.

both- [pistons are acting independently to each produce the maximum. pressure the;- p

ondary pistonV is shown finan.y advanced po- ;flsition while the primary piston 205isrin a. midLposition .andl moving at its fastest speed.

At this instantthe intake valve-port 60 un-y covers the intermediate:intakefpassage 63,V

allowing the gas in the intercoolingl chamber a shoulder "Zfofthe' port 60 isxjust opening the'intake'passage 4i@ sothat this gas may communicate `'with -the secondaryfcylinder through'the: ntakepassage 40 and the port- 65. Gas isth-us drawn into thesecondary cylinder'during thetime that the secondary piston is moving-into retracted position.

4 Fig. '11; illustratesa.midposition ofthe.'V secondary piston. 2l,fthe: primary pistonV 20:

atithis instant being in an extreme advanced position, :at which time the port 60 still 'reglisteis with ythe intake port 40 to allow gas to enter the .secondary cylinder 23."

Whenthe; primary piston 20 reaches this mid-position, the .shoulder 7 O closes the in! rake passage 40, thel secondary piston at this time beingl in Aextreme retracted position.'

The` pistons then movetoward 'their position indicated in Fig. 9, the secondary piston com-v pressing the gas until this piston .reaches its midsposition, at .which time the shoulder'66 of, theport uncoversthe exhaust passage 41: l

The exhaust' valve-port 6i at this time isf inf -communicaion Vwith the exhaust passage 41..

and also with the passage 67Sso that the com-v pressed vgasv is'iorced youtward through` theVV highpressure. line 68 as the secondary piston Vcontinues to move into an `advanced position. Whenin this advanced position, a shoulderv 73V of the exhaust valve-port 61 closesthe exhaust passage 41 at. the same'instant. that the shoulder 7 Oopens. the intage. passage 40..

.It should vthus be clear that we utilize onepiston and cylinder asa valve mechanism forV the other, and vice versa, at the same time achieving the normal compression from each Vof these cylinders. 7' y #It should, of course,

be matar-.tta that. p

we are not limited to atvvo-stage' compressor..v

Each ofthe pistons and cylinders might act to independently `supply Y a compressed gas;V

to avhigh. pressure exhaust line, utilizingV theV cooperation between one piston andits cyl-` inder as a'valve meansior the other.`

v It should urtherbe understood .that We` are not limited to the valves openingy at the particular instantdescribed. A compression to ahalfst`roke has been foundadvantageous different placement of the ports andrv passages `so that compression over a greater or lesser portion of the strokeis accomplished The intercooling chamber-33 acts both as aY reservoir .betvveenthe two stages and also as.

is further compressed in` the succeeding exhaust line.

incompressing thev sulphur dioxide for use 1n Vdomestic refrigeration plants, but'other .n

115. Vinstallations will possibly yrequire a slightly We are furthermore not limited to a twostage compressor. It should be obvious that our ideamay be incorporated in a compressor or engine having any number of stages or cylinders.

We claim as our invention 1. In a device ot the class described, the combination of: Walls forming primary and secondary cylinders; a primary piston reciprocablc. in said primary cylinder; and a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder, said primary piston and said Walls of said primary cylinder providing co-acting means forming an intake and exhaust means for said secondary cylinder, and said secondary piston and said Walls of said secondary cylinder providing co-acting means forming an intake and exhaust means for said primary cylinder.

i2. In a` device of the class described, the combination of: Walls :forming primary and secondary cylinders; a primary piston reciprocable in said primary cylinder; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; and means for reciprocating said primary and said secondary pistons with a constant phase displacement therebetween, said primary piston and said walls of said primary cylinder providing coacting means forming an intake and exhaust means ior said secondary `cylinder, and said secondary piston and said walls of said secondary cylinder providing co-acting means forming an in'ake and exhaust means for said primary cylinder.

In a device ot the class described, the combination ot: Walls forming primary and secondary cylinders, said Walls having passages therein communicating' with said cylinders; a primary piston reciprocable in said primary cylinder and having ports in the sides thereof adapted to register with certain of said passages during said reciprocation; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder and having ports in the sides thereoil adapted to register With certain of said passages during said rcciprocation; and means for reciprocating said pistons in a manner to align the ports ot one piston With certain of said passages to form an intake and exhaust means for the other piston, and vice versa.

4. In a device ot the class described, the combination of: walls torming primary and secondary cylinders, said walls having passages therein communicating with said cylinders: a pr- 1a ry piston reciprocable in said primary cylinder: and a secondary piston reciprocable in said scondary cylinder, said primary and said secondary pistons having ports therein, said ports and said passages being disposed in two groups, the ports and passages oiE one orroup coming into registration to permitl intake to and exhaust from one of said cylinders, and the ports and pas- Leiaizc sages of the other group coming'into vregistration to permit the intake to and exhaust from the other of said cylinders.

5. A combination as defined in claim 4f in Which said ports and passages are positioned to come into registration when the speed of said secondary piston is a maximum'.

6. A combination as deiined in claim 4 in Which each of said groups includes an intake and an exhaust passage adapted to come into registration With ports on both of said pis-v tons forming a. part of said groups.

7. A combination as defined in claim 3 in which one port on said primary and on said secondary pistons communicates respectively With said primary and secondary cylinders through said pistons.

8. A combination as deiined in claim t in Which eac-h of said groups includes an intake and an exhaust passage, and in Which one port on said. secondary piston practically simultaneously opens and closes intake and exhaust passages respectively of one of said groups, and in which said primary piston inc-.udes a pair of ports Which practically simultaneously open and close intake and exhaust passages respectively of the other of said groups.

9. A combination as delined in claim l including means for reciprocating said pistons With phase displacement of ninety degrees.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination of: a cylinder casing; an inner member in said cylinder casing and providing primary and secondary cylinders, there being an intercooling chamber between said casing and said inner member; primary and seconda-ry pistons reeiprocable in said primary and secondary cylinders; Walls forming a passage for conducting the exhaust gases from said primarycylinder into said intercooling space; and Walls forming a pas sage ior conducting gas in said intercooling space into said secondary cylinder.

11. In a device of the class described, the combina-tion of: a cylinder; a piston reciprocable in said cylinder to define a variablevolume compression space, said piston pro* viding a passage communicating With said compression space and through which gases entering and leaving said compression space must flow; a valve means for controlling the gas supplied to and discharged through said passage; and means for moving said piston and said valve means.

l2. In a device of the class described, the combination of: Walls defining an intercooling chamber; Walls defining primary and secondary cylinders; primary and secondary pistons respectively reciprocable in said primary and secondary cylinders; Walls deiining a low pressure intake passage communicating with said secondary cylinder; Walls defining an intermediate exhaust passage communicating between said secondary cylinder a movement oi' said secondary piston and communicating with said compression space; and a piston in said primary cylinder and providing a pair of valve ports so disposed that one of said valve ports inter-connects said intake passage and said intake means during the movement of said secondary piston in one direction, and the other of said valve ports inter-connects said exhaust passage and said exhaust means during a movement of said secondary piston in an opposite direction.

19. In a device of the class described, the combination ot: primary and secondary cylinder Walls defining primary and secondary cylinders; a primary piston in said primary cylinder; a secondary piston in said secondary cylinder; Walls defining an inter-cooling space adjacent said cylinders; walls defining a gas supply means communicating with said secondary cylinder, there being me ans formed on said secondary cylinder Walls and said secondary piston for conducting gas from said gas supply means to said primary cylinder Where it is compressed, there being means formed on said secondary cylinder Walls and said secondary piston for conducting the compressed gas to said intercooling space; walls forming an intermediate intake passage communicating With said inter-cooling space and with said primary cylinder, there being means formed on said primary cylinder Walls and said primary piston for conducting the compressed gas fiowing through said intermediate intake passage to said secondary cylinder Where it is further compressed, there being means formed on said primary cylinder Walls and said primary piston for conducting said 'further compressed gas from said device.

20. In a device of the class described, the Combination of Walls defining a primary and and a secondary cylinder; Walls forming an inter-communicating means opening on said cylinders and through Which gas is supplied to and exhausted from said primary cylinder; Walls forming an intake and exhaust means communicating with said primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable in said prima ry cylinder and providing a piston port positioned to register with said intercommunicating means during the stroke of said primary piston, said piston port communicating with a compression space bounded by the Walls of said primary cylinder and said primary piston; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder and providing a valve port successively connecting said intake and said exhaust means to f said inter-communicating means; and means for maintaining the phase displacement of said primary and secondary pistons constant.

2l. In a device of the class described, the combination of: Walls forming a primary cylinder; Walls forming an intake and an exhaust passage communicating withl said primary cylinder; a piston in said cylinder and cooperating therewith in providing a compression space, said piston providing a port communicating with said compression space, said port registering With said passages and being suiiiciently long to never cover one of said passages but providing a shoulder adapted to cover the other of said passages during a portion of the stroke of said piston; and valve means for controlling the supply of gas to said one of said passages, said shoulder controlling the flow through the other of said passages.

In testimony whereof, We have hereunto set our hands at Los Angeles, California, this 5th day of April, 1928.

LUDWIG STOESLING. WILLIAM D. PEARSALL.

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